In English grammar, Conjunctions are the glue. They are joining words that connect other words, groups of words, or even two separate short sentences to make one long, beautiful sentence.
Without Conjunctions: I was hungry. I ate a sandwich. I was thirsty. I drank water.
With Conjunctions: I was hungry, so I ate a sandwich, and I was thirsty, so I drank water.
Types of Conjunctions
A. Coordinating Conjunctions
These are the most common joining words. They connect two things that are equal in importance (like joining two nouns, or two complete sentences).
The easiest way to remember them is the word: FANBOYS!
F - For: (Means 'because') I drank some water, for I was thirsty.
A - And: (Adds things together) I like apples and bananas.
N - Nor: (Connects two negative ideas) I don't like tea, nor do I like coffee.
B - But: (Shows a contrast or opposite idea) He ran fast, but he missed the bus.
O - Or: (Shows a choice) Do you want tea or coffee?
Y - Yet: (Similar to 'but') The test was hard, yet she scored full marks.
S - So: (Shows a result) It was raining, so I took an umbrella.
B. Subordinating Conjunctions
Sometimes, we join a complete sentence (The Boss) with an incomplete thought (The Helper). These conjunctions explain why, when, where, or under what condition something happened.
Reason: because, since, as. (I stayed home because I was sick.)
Time: when, while, before, after, until. (Wash your hands before you eat.)
Condition: if, unless. (You will fail if you don't study.)
Contrast: although, though. (He went to school although he had a fever.)
C. Correlative Conjunctions
These conjunctions always travel in pairs. They are best friends and cannot be separated!
Either ... or: (Making a choice between two positive things). You can have either ice cream or cake.
Neither ... nor: (Rejecting two things). He is neither tall nor short.
Both ... and: (Accepting two things). She is both smart and hardworking.
Not only ... but also: (Adding extra emphasis). He is not only a good student but also a great athlete.
Interjections
Interjections are the easiest and most fun part of English grammar! Think of them as the "Emojis" of a sentence.
An Interjection is a short word or sound used to express a sudden or strong feeling or emotion.
They have no grammatical connection to the rest of the sentence. If you remove the interjection, the sentence will still make perfect sense! They are usually followed by an Exclamation Mark (!).
Common Interjections and their Feelings:
Joy / Happiness:
Hurray! We won the match.
Wow! What a beautiful dress.
Sorrow / Pain / Sadness:
Alas! His pet dog died. (Alas is an old word for deep sadness).
Ouch! I stubbed my toe.
Surprise:
Oh! I didn't see you there.
What! You lost your phone again?
Calling Attention / Greeting:
Hello! How are you?
Hey! Don't touch that wet paint.
Hush! The baby is sleeping.
Mistakes / Realization:
Oops! I dropped the glass.
Ah! Now I understand the math problem.
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